Chromosome higher order structure has been an enigma for over a century. The most
important structural finding has been the presence of a chromosome scaffold composed of
non-histone proteins; so-called scaffold proteins. However, the organization and function of
the scaffold are still controversial. Here, we use three dimensional-structured illumination
microscopy (3D-SIM) and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to
reveal the axial distributions of scaffold proteins in metaphase chromosomes comprising two …