Errorful and errorless learning are wellknown learning methods in the field of rehabilitation science. Errorful learning employs a trial-and-error method to memorize new knowledge, whereas errorless learning aims to prevent patients making mistakes in memorization. Much of the previous research considers only observations on the behavioral level, and they do not completely clarify the neural mechanisms during errorful and errorless learning. In this paper, we investigate fMRI data of human brain activity during errorful and errorless learning. In a case study of eight subjects, we found that the network during errorful learning tends to be more highly modulated than in the case of errorless learning in the majority of the subjects.