… occultation measurements and then compares them with tidal spectra of vertical ion
convergence rate using GAIA model simulations which include both migrating and non-migrating …

… This 75 paper provides a tidal spectrum of Es occurrence rate using GPS radio occultation 76
… Our investigations are based on FORMOSAT– 109 3/COSMIC radio occultation data of the …

… GPS signals recorded by the radio occultation (RO) technique, … is responsible for the
converging meridional wind patterns … with GAIA model simulations, with both the observations and …

… a large vertical gradient of the plasma density in the E region … , metallic ions in the ionosphere
dynamo region converge to … have access to radio occultation observations. The ionosonde …

… radio occultation (RO) technique is used to study sporadic E (Es… vertical ion convergence
based on GAIA Earth system model … , Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC). We …

… ion convergence rate, using FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation observations and GAIA
model | Earth… We note that in general a tidal component of EsOR tends to have the highest …

… were employed to calculate the vertical ion convergence (VIC) … statistical comparisons
between the Es layers derived from … rate observation data. The S4 index data are derived …

… of vertical ion convergence based on GAIA Earth system model … make use of ionospheric
RO measurements by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC constellation, which performs observations in …

… The observed gradual reduction of FormoSat-3/COSMIC … density convergence in such a
way that a sporadic E layer of … can create a negative vertical gradient in the vertical ion velocity, …

… In the present study, we use neutral wind outputs from GAIA to … sporadic E occurrence rates
based on GPS radio occultation … ion convergence rate, using FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio …