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                                   Chapter_7

                     The_Japanese_Co-occurrence_Dictionary

     The Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary is composed of headphrase notations
arranged according to the Japanese syllabary. The phrases are the abstracted
portions of actual sentences contained in the Japanese Corpus. The results of
the parsing analysis of these sentences indicates that the constituents of the
sentence have a dependency structure. That is, the constituents have a
governing-dependent relation. It is these constituents that form the headphrases
of the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary.

     Records in the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary are composed of the record
number, headword information, co-occurrence constituent information, syntactic
information, semantic information, co-occurrence situation information, and
management information. The main role of the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary
is to show actual examples of how autonomous words are appropriately combined
based on the co-occurrence situation information obtained from the Japanese
Corpus.

     Included in the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary is another dictionary,
the Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions For Japanese Verbs. This dictionary
provides information relevant to surface level and deep level case particles for
basic Japanese verbs.

============Structure of Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary Records==============
<Record Number> *1                      :Record type and identifier number
<Headword Information>                  :Headword of the Co-occurrence
                                        Dictionary record (Section 7.1)
        <Headphrase> *2                 :Headphrase notation
<Co-occurrence Constituent Information> :Information regarding the list of
                                        morphemes that comprise the co-occurrence
                                        phrase (Section 7.2)
        <List of Constituents > *3      :Each morpheme that comprises the co-
                                        occurrence phrase
<Syntactic Information>                 :Information regarding the syntactic
                                        structure of the co-occurrence phrase
                                        (Section 7.3)
        <Syntactic Sub-tree> *4         :Syntactic tree that shows the structure
                                        of the co-occurrence phrase
<Semantic Information>                  :Information that shows the deep-level
                                        concept relations (Section 7.4)
        <Semantic Sub-frame> *5         :Semantic frame information that shows
                                        concept relations
<Co-occurrence Situation Information>   :Information that shows the co-occurrence
                                        situation from the Japanese Corpus
                                        (Section 7.5)
        <Frequency> *6                  :Occurrence frequency in the Japanese
                                        Corpus (Section 7.5.1)
        <Example Sentence> *7           :Restructured sentence of the sentence
                                        occurring in the Japanese Corpus based
                                        on the co-occurrence relation (Section
                                        7.5.2)
<Management Information>                :Information for dictionary development



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                                        management
        <Management History Record> *8  :Management information such as date of
                                        creation or record update

Structure of Record Number Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*1_____________________________

<Record Number>         ::=JCC<Identifier Number>
-----------------------------
        <Identifier Number>             :Seven digit decimal number

Structure of Headphrase Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*2___________________________

<Headphrase>            ::=<Word 1 Notation><Co-occurrence Relation Label>
                        <Word 2 Notation>
<Word 1 Notation>       ::=<Word Notation>
<Word 2 Notation>       ::=<Word Notation>
-----------------------
        <Word Notation>                 :Character string notation of words that
                                        comprise the co-occurrence phrase
        <Co-occurrence Relation Label>  :A co-occurrence relation label from
                                        Table 7-2

Structure of Sequence of Constituents Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*3______________________

<Sequence of Constituents >
                        ::=<Constituent>。。。
<Constituent>           ::='{'<Constituent Number><Morpheme><Kana Notation>
                        <Part of Speech><Idiom Flag><Concept Information>
                        '}'
<Concept Information>   ::="" | <Semantic Information> | <Supplemental
                        Explanation of Concept>
<Concept Identifier>    ::=<Hexadecimal Integer>
<Headconcept>           ::=<English Headconcept><Japanese Headconcept>
<Concept Explication>   ::=<English Concept Explication><Japanese Concept
                        Explication>
<Supplemental Explanation of Concept>   ::="<Character String>"
----------
        <Constituent Number>            :Number given to constituent based on
                                        order of occurrence in the sentence
        <Morpheme>                      :Notation of morphemes comprising co-
                                        occurrence phrase
        <Kana Notation>                 :Kana notation of morphemes comprising
                                        co-occurrence phrase
        <Part of Speech>                :Part of speech of morphemes comprising
                                        co-occurrence phrase
        <Idiom Flag>                    :Correspondence relation type between
                                        morpheme and concept
                                        :(0) regular concept and direct
                                        correspondence
                                        :(1) part of idiomatic phrase and does
                                        not directly correspond



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        <Japanese Headconcept>          :Japanese headword that represents
                                        concept
        <English Headconcept>           :English headword that represents
                                        concept
        <Japanese Concept Explication>  :Concept explication in Japanese
        <English Concept Explication>   :Concept explication in English
        <Supplemental Explanation of Concept>
                                        :Explanation of concept given when
                                        appropriate concept among concepts of
                                        the words in the Japanese Word
                                        Dictionary does not exist

Structure of Syntactic Sub-tree Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*4 _____________________________

<Syntactic Sub-tree>    ::=<Governing Morpheme><Relator Constituent>
                        <Dependent Morpheme>
<Governing Morpheme>    ::=<Governing Morpheme Number>/<Notation of Governing
                        Word>
<Relator Constituent>   ::=<Relator Constituent Number>/<Co-occurrence Relation
                        Label>/<Notation of Relator Word>
<Dependent Morpheme>    ::=<Dependent Morpheme Number>/<Notation of Dependent
                        Word>
--------------------------
        <Governing Morpheme Number>     :Constituent number corresponding to
                                        governing morpheme
        <Notation of Governing Word>    :Word notation of governing morpheme
        <Relator Constituent Number>    :Constituent number corresponding to co-
                                        occurrence relation
        <Co-occurrence Relation Label>  :A co-occurrence relation label from
                                        Table 7-2
        <Notation of Relator Word>      :Word notation corresponding to relation
        <Dependent Morpheme Number>     :Constituent number corresponding to
                                        dependent morpheme
        <Notation of Dependent Word>    :Word notation of dependent morpheme

Structure of Semantic Sub-frame Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*5 __________________________

<Semantic Sub-frame>    ::=<Concept of Governing Morpheme>{""|<Concept
                        Relation Label>}<Concept of Dependent Morpheme>
<Concept of Governing Morpheme>
                        ::="" |<Governing Morpheme Number>/<Concept Identifier
                        of Governing Morpheme>/<Notation of Governing Word>
<Concept of Dependent Morpheme>
                        ::="" |<Dependent Morpheme Number>/<Concept Identifier
                        of Dependent Morpheme>/<Notation of Dependent Morpheme>
---------
        <Governing Morpheme Number>     :Constituent number corresponding to
                                        governing morpheme
        <Concept Identifier of Governing Morpheme>
                                        :Concept identifier of the governing
                                        morpheme
        <Notation of Governing Word>    :Word notation of governing morpheme



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        <Relation Label>                :Relation label that indicates deep-
                                        level concept relation
        <Dependent Morpheme Number>     :Constituent number corresponding to
                                        dependent morpheme
        <Concept Identifier of Depending Morpheme>
                                        :Concept identifier of the dependent
                                        morpheme
        <Notation of Dependent Word>    :Word notation of dependent morpheme

Structure of Frequency Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*6 __________________________

<Frequency>             ::=<Surface Level Co-occurrence Frequency>;<Co-
                        occurrence Entry Frequency>;<Governing Morpheme
                        Frequency>;<Dependent Morpheme Frequency>
----------------
        <Surface Level Co-occurrence Frequency>
                                        :Occurrence frequency of surface level
                                        co-occurrence relation
        <Co-occurrence Entry Frequency> :Occurrence frequency including deep
                                        level concept relation
        <Governing Morpheme Frequency>  :Frequency of governing morpheme
        <Dependent Morpheme Frequency>  :Frequency of dependent morpheme

Structure of Example Sentence Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*7___________________
<Example Sentence>      ::='{'<Sentence Identifier Information>/<Character
                        String>'}'
<Sentence Identifier Information>
                        ::=<Sentence Identifier> (;) 。。。
<Sentence Identifier>   ::=<Character String>

Structure of Management History Record Portion of Co-occurrence Record
*8 _____________________________
<Management History Record>
                        ::=<Attribute Name>=<Attribute Value> |
                        <Management History Record>;<Attribute Name>=<Attribute
                        Value>
<Attribute Name>        ::=<Character String>
<Attribute Value>       ::=<Character String>
================================================================================

===============Example of Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary Record==============
<Record Number>                         JCC7173641
<Headword Information>
        <Headphrase>                    昼食    を    食べ
<Co-occurrence Constituent Information>
<Constituent Number> <Morpheme> <Kana Notation> <Part of Speech> <Idiom Flag>
<Concept Information>
{ 1     昼食    チュウショク    名詞    0       3bec74 lunch 昼食［チュウショク］
"a meal eaten at noon" 昼の食事 }
{ 2     を      ヲ      助詞    0       "" }
{ 3     食べ    タベ    動詞    0       3bc6f0  "" 食べる［タベ・ル］ "to eat
something" 食物をとる }



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<Syntactic Tree Information>
        <Syntactic Sub-tree>
                <Governing Constituent> 3/食べ
                <Relator Constituent>   2/を/を
                <Dependent Constituent> 1/昼食
<Semantic Information>
        <Semantic Sub-frame>
                <Concept of Governing Element>
                                        3/3bc6f0/食べ
                <Semantic Relation>     object
                <Concept of Dependent Element>
                                        1/3bec74/昼食
<Co-occurrence Situation Information>
        <Frequency>                     1;1;488;6
        <Example Sentence>              {00050003b57d-8-3/<昼食>を…(食べ)に帰る}
<Management Information>
        <Management History Record>     DATE="95/3/31"
================================================================================

================================================================================
<Record Number>                         JCC5321382
<Headword Information>
        <Headphrase>                    借り @rentai 本
<Co-occurrence Constituent Information>
<Constituent Number> <Morpheme> <Kana Notation> <Part of Speech> <Idiom Flag>
<Concept Information>
{ 1     借り    カリ    動詞    0       3cfdb4  borrow 借りる［カリ・ル］ "to
use a person's property after promising to give it back to the lender" 返す約束
で，他人のものを使う }
{ 2     た      タ      助動詞  0       "" }
{ 3     本      ホン    名詞    0       0e5097  volume 本［ホン］ "Publications"
書籍 }
<Syntactic Tree Information>
        <Syntactic Sub-tree>
                <Governing Constituent> 1/借り
                <Relator Constituent>   2/@rentai/た
                <Dependent Constituent> 3/本
<Semantic Information>
        <Semantic Sub-frame>
                <Concept of Governing Element>
                                        1/3cfdb4/借り
                <Semantic Relation>
                <Concept of Dependent Element>
                                        3/0e5097/本
<Co-occurrence Situation Information>
        <Frequency>                     5;1;562;231
        <Example Sentence>              {000600000067-18-15/<借り>た(本)}
<Management Information>
        <Management History Record>     DATE="95/3/31"
================================================================================







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7.1.  Headword Information

     The headword information of the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary consists
of the headphrase only. The headphrase is composed of the notation of the
governing and dependent morphemes joined by a co-occurrence relation label
(Section 7.3). The order of the governing and dependent morpheme notation is
determined by the order in which the morphemes appear in the sentence: the
governing or dependent morpheme (whichever appeared first in the sentence), the
co-occurrence relation label, and the governing or dependent morpheme (whichever
appeared last in the sentence).

     There are five different types of dependency described in the Japanese Co-
occurrence Dictionary. They are: case relation; adnominal modification of
predicate/adnoun and nominal; adnominal modification of substantives joined by
the case particle 'no'; adverbial modification of predicate/adverbs and
substantive; modifying relation between nominal classifiers and substantive.


7.2.  Co-occurrence Constituent Information

     The co-occurrence constituent information is composed of information
relevant to each of the constituents that make up the co-occurrence headphrase.
Included in the co-occurrence constituent information is the morpheme notation
used in the actual example from which the phrase has been extracted, the part of
speech, the Kana notation, idiom flag and concept information. The morpheme (if
any) corresponding to the co-occurrence relation label and the morphemes of both
governing and depending elements are given in co-occurrence constituent
information.

     The reading of the morpheme is described in Katakana and is given as the
Kana notation. When the morpheme is a number, the morpheme is described in
Arabic numerals.

     The parts of speech used in the Japanese Word Dictionary are also used in
the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary, however they have been regrouped and
redefined into fewer categories. The correspondence between the types of parts
of speech used in the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary and those of the
Japanese Word Dictionary is given in Table 7-1.

     The idiom flag is information which shows the type of correspondence
relation between the morpheme and the concept that is given in the semantic
information (Section 7.4). There are two correspondence relations: 1 and 0. If
there is a direct correspondence between the concept and the morpheme indicated
by the constituent number the correspondence relation '0' is given. When the
morpheme indicated by the constituent number corresponds to an idiomatic phrase
or compound word which includes the indicated morpheme, the correspondence
relation '1' is given. In the example given in the beginning of this chapter,
the correspondence relation '0' is given to indicate that there is a direct
correspondence between the morpheme '昼食' and the concept provided in the
concept information field.

     The concept information contains the concept identifier, the Japanese and
English headconcepts and the Japanese and English concept explications for the
concepts that correspond to each of the morphemes of the co-occurrence



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headphrase. When the morpheme is a word that does not represent a concept, the
concept information is left blank. In such cases, double quotes are given in the
concept information field. If the corresponding concept to a morpheme is a
concept which does not exist for a word within the Japanese Word Dictionary, a
supplemental explanation of the concept written in Japanese is given in the
concept information field.


7.3.  Syntactic Information

     The syntactic information is a syntactic sub-tree that represents the
surface co-occurrence relation(s) included in the co-occurrence headphrase. The
co-occurrence relation is described by the combination of the governing
morpheme, the co-occurrence relation label and the dependent morpheme.

     There are four different types of co-occurrence relations described in the
Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary. The four different relations are: case
relation, adnominal modification, adverbial modification, and modification of
nominals by nominal classifiers. Adnominal modification by the case particle
'no', and adnominal modification by particles other than 'ni' and 'de' are
described as case relations.

     There are two different types of co-occurrence relation labels used in the
Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary. The first type of co-occurrence relation
label corresponds exactly to the notation of function words such as particles.
That is, the particle or other function word itself is the co-occurrence
relation label. The second type of co-occurrence relation label, is a relation
label code which indicates one of the following modifying relations: adnominal
modification by the predicate, adverbial modification, modification of nominals
by nominal classifiers.

     For function words such as particle equivalents, the relation label is made
up of the combination of particles.

     Table 7-2 shows the co-occurrence relation labels used in the Japanese Co-
occurrence Dictionary.

     Each of the morphemes in the syntactic sub-tree have a constituent number
that indicates to which of the constituents in the co-occurrence constituent
information it corresponds. However, the constituent number field is blank when
the co-occurrence relation does not correspond to a surface morpheme. This is
the case with verbal modification by adverbs. Since there is no surface morpheme
indicating the relation between the adverb and the verb, the field is left
blank.


7.4.  Semantic Information

     The semantic information of the co-occurrence record provides the deep
level semantic relations that correspond to the headphrase. Each of the semantic
relations is expressed by a concept relation label in a semantic sub-frame. The
concept relation labels are the same as the concept relation labels used in the
Concept Dictionary.




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     The semantic information is given for the concept relation of the
headphrase in the following format:

    <Concept of Governing Morpheme><Concept Relation Label><Concept of
    Dependent Morpheme>


     A semantic sub-frame contains the governing and depending morpheme numbers,
the concept identifier from the Concept Dictionary of the concepts corresponding
to the morphemes and the governing and dependent word notations. In cases where
the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary record does not contain semantic
information, the governing concept constituent, the concept relation label, and
the dependent concept constituent fields are left blank. A blank field is
indicated by double quotes.


7.5.  Co-occurrence Situation Information

     The co-occurrence situation information contains information relevant to
the frequency of occurrences and situations for the co-occurrence records in the
Japanese Corpus. The co-occurrence situation information is composed of the
frequency of the co-occurrence relation and a portion of the actual example
sentence from which the co-occurrence relation was taken.


7.5.1.  Frequency

     The co-occurrence frequency is a number which indicates the number of times
a co-occurrence relation appears in the Japanese Corpus. There are three
different types of co-occurrence frequency descriptions: surface level co-
occurrence frequency, co-occurrence constituent frequency, and co-occurrence
entry frequency.

     The surface level co-occurrence frequency indicates the frequency of
appearance of the surface level co-occurrence relation of the headphrase. The
co-occurrence entry frequency is a frequency which indicates how often the deep
level concept relation corresponding to the syntactic and semantic information
of the co-occurrence record occurred in the Japanese Corpus. Finally, the co-
occurrence constituent frequency indicates how often the morphemes of the
governing and dependent elements of the co-occurrence phrase appear in the
Japanese Corpus. The calculations for the co-occurrence constituent frequencies
are based on the constituents which have the same notation, Kana notation, part
of speech and concept.


7.5.2.  Example Sentence

     The example sentences that make up the second type of information covered
in the co-occurrence situation information are reconstructions of the actual
sentences from which the co-occurrence relation has been taken. With the co-
occurrence relation as its base, the morphemes included in the co-occurrence
phrase as well as the neighboring constituents are extracted and used as the
example fragment. The example sentence is provided as reference information in
order to see how the surrounding morphemes (of negation, aspect, causation,



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etc.) influence the formation of the co-occurrence relation.

     In the examples sentence of the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary, the
sequence of words occurring just after the predicate that belong to the
predicate of the governing side, are written following the morphemes of the
headphrase. The portion corresponding to the governing morpheme is enclosed in
parentheses (), and the portion corresponding to the dependent morpheme is
enclosed in angle brackets <>. When constituents occur between the elements of
the governing and modifying morphemes, the constituents are omitted and an
ellipsis mark (...) is used.


7.6.  Management Information

     The management information of the English Co-occurrence Dictionary contains
the management history record. The management history record provides
information such as date of creation or record update.


7.7.  Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions for Japanese Verbs

     The Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions for Japanese Verbs is a
dictionary that provides various information regarding case for basic Japanese
verbs. That is, it describes, for each concept of a verb, the group of possible
co-occurrence surface-level case particles, the types of deep-level case
(concept relation label) that correspond to the surface-level case as well as
the range of possible concepts that may fill the deep-level case.

     The main role of the Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions For Japanese
Verbs is to help in the selection of the most appropriate concept from among the
number of concepts of a noun that co-occurs with a verb for semantic analysis.

===========Structure of Records in the Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions
                                For Japanese Verbs==============================
<Record Number> *1                      :Record type and identifier number
<Sentence Pattern Headword>             :Sentence showing co-occurrence pattern
                                        (Section 7.7.1)
<Constituent Information>               :Sequence of constituents showing
                                        sentence pattern structure (Section
                                        7.7.2)
        <Sentence Pattern Constituent>。。。 *2
                                        :Constituents that make up the sentence
                                        pattern
<Example Sentence>                      :Example sentence that fits sentence
                                        pattern (Section 7.7.3)
<Syntactic Information>                 :Groups of deep-level case and surface-
                                        level case particles that may co-occur
                                        with verb (Section 7.7.4)
        <Syntactic Constituent>。。。 *3
                                        :Deep-level and surface-level case
                                        particles that may occur with verb
<Semantic Information>                  :Semantic information (composed of
                                        groups of possible concepts) for verb
                                        and case filler (Section 7.7.5)



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        <Semantic Constituent>。。。*4  :Semantic information for each verb and
                                        each case filler
<Management Information>                :Information for dictionary development
                                        management
        <Management History Record>... *5
                                        :Management information such as date of
                                        creation or record update

Structure of Record Number Portion of Record
*1 ______________________
<Record Number>         ::=JCP<Identifier Number>
------------
        <Identifier Number>             :Seven digit decimal number

Structure of Constituent Information of Record
*2 ______________________
<Sentence Pattern Constituent>
                        ::=<Constituent Number><Notation of Constituent>
                        <Grammatical Information for Constituent><Semantic
                        Information for Constituent>
--------------
        <Constituent Number>            :Number given to constituent based on
                                        order of occurrence in the sentence
        <Notation of Constituent>       :Notation of morpheme comprising
                                        sentence pattern
        <Grammatical Information for Constituent>
                                        :Part of speech of morpheme comprising
                                        sentence pattern
        <Semantic Information for Constituent>
                                        :Semantic Information of morpheme
                                        comprising sentence pattern

Structure of Syntactic Information Portion of Record
*3 ______________________
<Syntactic Constituent> ::=<Concept Relation Label><Case Particle>
------------
        <Concept Relation Label>        :Concept relation label that shows deep-
                                        level case
        <Case Particle>                 :Surface level case particle

Structure of Semantic Information Portion of Record
*4 ______________________
<Semantic Constituent>  ::=<Concept Relation Label><Sequence of Concept
Identifiers><Sequence of Concept Explications>
<Sequence of Concept Identifiers>
                        ::=<Concept Identifier>(;)。。。
<Sequence of Concept Explications>
                        ::=<Concept Explication>(;)。。。
------------
        <Concept Relation Label>        :Concept relation label that indicates
                                        case
        <Concept Identifier>            :Concept identifier that indicates
                                        case filler
        <Concept Explication>           :Concept explication that describes



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                                        case filler

Structure of Management Information Portion of Record
*5______________________
<Management History Record>
                        ::=<Comment>(;)。。。
<Comment>               ::=<Attribute Name>=<Attribute Value>
<Attribute Name>        ::=<Character String>
<Attribute Value>       ::=<Character String>
================================================================================

===========Example of Record From Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions
                                For Japanese Verbs==============================
<Record Number>                 JCP0012345
<Sentence Pattern Headword>             :<Word 1>が<Word 2>を<Word 3>にあしらう
<Constituent Information>
<Sentence Pattern Constituents>
        <Constituent Number><Constituent Notation><Grammatical Information for
        Constituent><Semantic Information for Constituent>
        1       <Word 1>
        2       が      agent
        3       <Word 2>
        4       を      object
        5       <Word 3>
        6       に      goal
        7       あしらう        Verb    0e3036取り合わせる
        <Example Sentence>              :/家元/が/松/の/根元/に/菊/を/あしら/う/
<Syntactic Information>
        <Syntactic Constituents>
                <Concept Relation Label> <Case Particle>
                agent   が
                object  を
                goal    に
<Semantic Information>
        <Semantic Constituents>
                <Concept Relation Label><Concept Identifier><Concept
                Explication>
                act     0e3036          取り合わせる
                agent   30f6b0;30f746   人間;組織
                object  30f6ae;444b1a   具体物;具体的あるいは抽象的生産物
                goal    30f6ae;444b1a;3aa938    具体物;具体的あるいは抽象的生産
                                                物;場所
<Management Information>
        <Management History Record>     DATE="95/3/31"
================================================================================


7.7.1.  Sentence Pattern Headword

     The sentence pattern headword of the Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions
For Japanese Verbs is expressed by describing the co-occurrence pattern
corresponding to a single concept of a verb in the form of a sentence. A word
marker is inserted in the place of the case filler (usually a noun) that
precedes each of the case particles. The following format is used to express the



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word markers:

    <Word 1>,<Word 2>, ....,<Word n>

The co-occurrence patterns in the Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions For
Japanese Verbs is based on those case particles which are obligatory and not on
case particles that are optional or that can be optionally omitted. Obligatory
cases are the surface-case particles registered in the Japanese Word Dictionary.
Optional or optionally dropped case are not registered. For information
regarding surface-level case, refer to the explanation in the Japanese Word
Dictionary.


7.7.2.  Syntactic Constituent Information

     The syntactic constituent information contains information regarding each
morpheme the comprises the sentence pattern headword mentioned in the previous
paragraph. Each morpheme is described with grammatical information and semantic
information. If the constituent is a verb, the word marker 'Verb' is given for
the grammatical information. The semantic information given for a verb is the
concept identifier and concept explication of the concept that expresses the
word sense of the verb. If the constituent is a particle, the concept relation
label that indicates the deep-level case is given as the semantic information.

     For the definition and type of concept relation labels, refer to the
explanation given in the Concept Dictionary.


7.7.3.  Example Sentence

     The example sentence given in each record is an example sentences that best
fits the sentence pattern headword. The example sentence is described in a
format that shows the constituents of the sentence segmented morphologically.


7.7.4.  Syntactic Structure Information

     The syntactic structure information provides information regarding the
correspondence between the surface-level and deep-level cases of the sentence
pattern headword. The correspondence between the deep-level case and the
surface-level case is described in a case frame format. The syntactic
information is the pair composed of the concept relation label that expresses
the deep-level case, and the case particle that expresses the surface-level
case.


7.7.5.  Semantic Information

     The semantic information gives information for the verb being described as
well as for each of the case fillers in the case frame described in the
syntactic information. For verbs, the concept identifier and the concept
explication of the concept that expresses the word sense of the verb are given.
The information given for each of the case particles is the concept relation
label that indicates the type of case, and the concept group (from the concept



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classification) that expresses the range of possible concepts for the case
filler.

     For example, the sub-concepts 30f6b0 'human' and 30f746 'organization' are
given as part of the semantic constituent information, [agent 30f6b0
'human';30f746 'organization']. The possible concepts that may be selected for
the agent case filler for the verb concept is either a sub-concept of 30f6b0
'human' or a sub-concept of 30f746 'organization'. The semicolon(;) indicates
that the sub-concepts of either one of the two concepts listed are possible
concepts for the agent case filler. The semantic constituent information,
[object 30f6ae 'concrete object'-30f6b0 'human '] has the following
interpretation: the concepts that may be selected as the object case filler for
the verb concept is a sub-concept of 30f6ae 'concrete object' but the concept
that is selected may not be the sub-concept 30f6b0 'human'. The minus symbol (-)
preceding the concept identifier 30f6b0 indicates that the concept from the
concept group is not a possible candidate for the case filler. However, there
may be case s in which a sub-concept of a concept group marked with a minus (-)
symbol may actually be a possible candidate as the concept for the case filler.
For such cases, a plus symbol (+) is used. The plus symbol indicates the sub-
concept(s) of the minus-marked group may in fact may be selected as a possible
case filler.

     The possible filler concept groups are described by the combination of
concepts in the concept classification.

     The selection of the concepts (from among the concept classification) as
possible candidates for the case filler was carried out by human coders only.
The data in the Dictionary of Selectional Restrictions For Japanese Verbs was
not extracted from either the Japanese Co-occurrence Dictionary or the Japanese
Corpus.


7.7.6.  Management Information

     The management information of the English Co-occurrence Dictionary contains
the management history record. The management history record provides
information such as date of creation or record update.


7.a Tables

    7-1 Part of Speech Assignments
    7-2 Co-occurrence Relation Labels














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Table 7-1 Part of Speech Assignments in the Japanese Co-Occurrence Dictionary
_____________________________________________________________________________
        Part of Speech            Corresponding Part of Speech        Code
__________________________________from_Japanese_Word_Dictionary______________
Noun                             Common Noun                       JN1
                                 Proper Noun                       JN2
                                 Numeral                           JN3
                                 Temporal Noun                     JN4
Verb                             Verb                              JVE
Adjective                        Adjective                         JAJ
Adjectival Noun                  Adjectival Noun                   JAM
Adverb                           Adverb                            JD1
                                 Epistemic Adverb                  JD2
Affix____________________________Counter_Suffix____________________JN6_______











































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                    Table 7-2 Co-occurrence Relation Labels
_______________________________________________________________________________
Co-               Explanation of Co-occurrence Phrases and Example Phrases
occurrence
Relation
Label__________________________________________________________________________
φ           Direct modification without a relation label (Noun, adverb
             modifying a predicate or nominal)
                          [情報,φ,提供]         /<情報>(提供)を開始した。/
                                                 (...  began providing informa-
                                                 tion.)
                          [単に,φ,提供]         /<単に>…(提供)するだけでなく/
                                                 (not only providing ..., but)
が           Dependency relation with が ga
                          [会長,が,あいさつ]     /<会長>が(あいさつ)した。/
                                                 (Chairman gave an address.)
の           Dependency relation with の no
                          [庭,の,花]             /<庭>の(花)が/
                                                 (Flowers in the garden ...)
を           Dependency relation with を o
                          [波紋,を,投げかけ]     /<波紋>を(投げかけ)た。/
                                                 (...  created a sensation.)
に           Dependency relation with に ni
                          [健康,に,い]           /<健康>に(い)い/
                                                 (good for health)
で           Dependency relation with で de
                          [自宅,で,過ご]         /<自宅>で(過ご)す/
                                                 (to spend one's time at home)
には         Dependency relation with には ni-wa
                          [寒さ,には,弱]         /<寒さ>には(弱)い。/
                                                 (to be susceptible to the
                                                 cold)
への         Dependency relation with への e-no
                          [未来,への,展望]       /<未来>への(展望)を/
                                                 (a prospect of the future)
でも         Dependency relation with でも de-mo
                          [大学生,でも,解け]     /<大学生>でも(解け)ない/
                                                 (even a college student cannot
                                                 solve)
について     Dependency relation with について ni-tsu-i-te
                          [弊害,について,質問]   /<弊害>について(質問)する/
                                                 (to ask a question about evil
_________________________________________________influence)____________________



は wa, へ e, から ka-ra, まで ma-de, において ni-o-i-te, etc.
(Combination of particles, paricle equivalents, auxiliary verbs, auxiliary verb
equivalents, verbal auxiliaries)








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__________________________________________________________________________________
Co-          Explanation, and examples of cooccurrence relation and example phrase
occurrence
relation
label_____________________________________________________________________________
@rentai      Predicate modifying nominal (Adjective, adjectival noun or verb
             modifying a noun)
                           [提案, @rentai, 拒否]    /[拒否]できない[提案]を/
                                                    (a proposal that can not be
                                                    rejected)
@renyou      Predicate modifying another predicate (Adjective or adjectival noun
             modifying a verb or adjectival noun)
                           [おこな,@renyou,頻繁]    /[頻繁]に[おこな]われる/
                                                    ((something) that is often
                                                    performed)
@unit        A noun and counter suffix set
                           [貨車,@unit,台]          /５[台]の[貨車]/
____________________________________________________(five_freight_cars)___________








































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